Embark on an unforgettable journey with our Oaxaca Travel Guide, exploring the rich cultural tapestry, gastronomic delights, and stunning natural landscapes of this enchanting Mexican region. Discover ancient ruins, vibrant markets, and artisanal crafts, delve into the flavors of Oaxacan cuisine, and immerse yourself in the unique traditions and warm hospitality of Oaxaca.
Oaxaca, Mexico, is a captivating city renowned for its rich cultural heritage, vibrant arts scene, and exquisite culinary traditions, including the famous mole sauces and mezcal. Nestled in the valleys of Southern Mexico, it enchants visitors with its colorful colonial architecture, bustling markets, and significant indigenous influences, reflected in its lively festivals and exquisite handcrafted textiles.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Oaxaca, Mexico, is typically during the dry season, which spans from October to May. This period is favored for several reasons:
Pleasant Weather: The dry season offers mild temperatures and minimal rainfall, making it ideal for exploring Oaxaca's rich cultural sites, colorful markets, and beautiful landscapes.
Cultural Events: Oaxaca is famous for its vibrant festivals and cultural events. One of the most notable is the Day of the Dead (Día de Muertos) celebrations at the end of October and beginning of November, which are particularly vibrant and deeply rooted in local traditions.
Guelaguetza Festival: If you visit in July, you can experience the Guelaguetza festival, a gathering that celebrates Oaxacan culture with traditional dance, music, and costumes.
Comfortable Climate: The cooler months from November to February offer comfortable weather for outdoor activities, including visiting archaeological sites and hiking.
However, there are a few things to consider:
Peak Tourist Seasons: The periods around Day of the Dead and the Guelaguetza festival, as well as Christmas and Easter weeks, are peak tourist times. Accommodation prices may be higher, and attractions more crowded during these periods.
Hotter Months: March to May can be hotter, so if you travel during this time, plan outdoor activities for the cooler morning or late afternoon hours.
Visiting Oaxaca outside of these peak times, like in the shoulder months of October or May, can also be enjoyable, offering the benefits of the dry season with fewer tourists. The rainy season (June to September) is less ideal for travel as it can bring heavy afternoon showers, although the landscape becomes lush and green, and the city is less crowded.
Getting to Oaxaca and Getting Around Oaxaca
Getting to Oaxaca
By Air
Oaxaca International Airport (OAX): Oaxaca’s main airport is well-connected to major cities in Mexico and some international destinations. The airport is located about 7 km from the city center.
From the Airport to the City: You can take a taxi, a shared shuttle (colectivo), or rent a car. Authorized taxi services can be arranged from inside the airport.
By Bus
Long-distance buses to Oaxaca are available from major cities like Mexico City, Puebla, and others. The ADO bus line is one of the most popular and offers comfortable and regular services.
The main bus terminal in Oaxaca is the Central de Autobuses de Primera Clase, located close to the city center.
By Car
Driving to Oaxaca is another option, especially if coming from nearby regions. Be prepared for winding roads if coming from the coast or mountainous areas.
Getting Around Oaxaca
Walking
The best way to explore Oaxaca’s historic center is on foot. The city center is compact, and many of the main attractions are within walking distance of each other.
Taxis
Taxis are a convenient way to get around, especially for longer distances or if traveling outside the city center. They are relatively inexpensive, but it’s a good idea to agree on the fare before starting your journey as most do not use meters.
Rental Cars
For exploring more remote areas, such as the surrounding villages or archaeological sites, renting a car can be a good option. However, parking in the city center can be limited.
Public Buses
There are local buses available for getting around, though they might be challenging for travelers not familiar with the routes or the language.
Bicycles
Some parts of Oaxaca city and its surroundings are bike-friendly. Bike rentals are available, and it can be a pleasant way to explore, especially in less crowded areas.
Most Popular Attractions and Activities to See and Do in Oaxaca
Top 15 Attractions in Oaxaca
Oaxaca, a city rich in culture and history, offers a variety of attractions for visitors to explore:
Monte Albán: A UNESCO World Heritage site, this ancient Zapotec capital features impressive ruins, tombs, and panoramic views of the surrounding valleys.
Church of Santo Domingo: A stunning baroque church with an exquisitely decorated interior, including gold leaf and intricate paintings.
Museo de las Culturas de Oaxaca: Located within the Santo Domingo complex, this museum houses an extensive collection of pre-Hispanic artifacts, including treasures from Tomb 7 at Monte Albán.
Zócalo and Andador Turístico: The city's main square and pedestrian walkway are lively areas filled with cafes, street vendors, and musicians, perfect for people-watching and soaking in the local atmosphere.
Jardín Etnobotánico: A botanical garden showcasing the diverse flora of Oaxaca state, focusing on plants used in traditional medicine and local cuisine.
Mercado Benito Juárez and Mercado 20 de Noviembre: Bustling markets where you can find everything from Oaxacan cheese and chocolate to crafts and textiles.
Museo Rufino Tamayo: Dedicated to the art of Mexico's pre-Hispanic cultures, collected by the famous Oaxacan painter Rufino Tamayo.
Museo Textil de Oaxaca: A museum displaying the rich textile traditions of Oaxaca, including handwoven fabrics and indigenous clothing.
Teatro Macedonio Alcalá: A beautiful historic theater offering various performances and cultural events.
Mitla Archaeological Site: Located about an hour from Oaxaca City, Mitla is known for its unique geometric mosaic patterns and is another important Zapotec archaeological site.
Hierve el Agua: Natural rock formations that resemble waterfalls, with mineral springs where you can take a refreshing dip.
Tule Tree (Árbol del Tule): Located in the town of Santa María del Tule, this massive tree is one of the widest in the world and is estimated to be over 2,000 years old.
San Bartolo Coyotepec: A nearby village famous for its black pottery (barro negro), where you can visit workshops and see artisans at work.
Mezcal Distilleries: Oaxaca is the heart of mezcal production. Visiting local distilleries offers insights into the traditional process of making this iconic Mexican spirit.
Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Oaxaca (MACO): This contemporary art museum, housed in a beautifully restored colonial building, showcases a diverse collection of modern art by local and international artists.
Top 15 Activities to do in Oaxaca
Here's a list of top activities to do in Oaxaca that provide a deeper experience of the city and its surroundings, separate from visiting the main attractions:
Explore the Local Markets: Wander through vibrant markets like Mercado Benito Juárez and Mercado 20 de Noviembre to sample local foods and buy traditional crafts.
Attend a Cooking Class: Learn how to prepare Oaxacan specialties like mole, tamales, and fresh salsas from local chefs.
Join a Mezcal Tasting Tour: Visit local mezcal distilleries to learn about the production process and sample different varieties of this traditional spirit.
Participate in a Traditional Workshop: Engage in workshops for making textiles, pottery, or woodcarvings to understand and appreciate Oaxacan artistry.
Experience a Temazcal Ceremony: Take part in this traditional steam bath ritual, which is both a cleansing and therapeutic experience.
Enjoy the Nightlife and Live Music: Spend an evening in the city center enjoying live music ranging from traditional Oaxacan bands to contemporary genres.
Hike in the Surrounding Mountains: Explore the scenic landscapes of the Sierra Norte through guided hiking trails.
Participate in Cultural Festivals: If your visit coincides with local festivals like Guelaguetza or Day of the Dead, don't miss the chance to partake in these vibrant cultural events.
Take a Street Art Tour: Discover Oaxaca's rich street art scene, showcasing a mix of traditional themes and modern expressions.
Visit a Local Coffee Farm: Oaxaca is known for its coffee production. Visit a coffee plantation to learn about coffee making and taste fresh brews.
Explore the Ethnobotanical Garden: Guided tours of Jardín Etnobotánico de Oaxaca offer insights into the region's diverse plant life and their uses in local culture.
Relax in Santo Domingo Plaza: Spend a leisurely afternoon in the plaza watching people, enjoying a coffee, and soaking in the atmosphere.
Take a Gastronomic Tour: Explore Oaxaca's food scene, from street food to gourmet restaurants, and taste local specialties.
Photography Walks: The city's colorful buildings and lively markets provide perfect opportunities for photography enthusiasts.
Bike Around the City: Rent a bike and explore the city’s charming streets and hidden corners.
Best Shopping
Shopping in Oaxaca is a delightful experience, offering a mix of traditional handicrafts, vibrant textiles, and unique local products. Here are some of the best shopping experiences in Oaxaca:
Mercado Benito Juárez: A bustling market in the heart of Oaxaca, where you can find a wide variety of Oaxacan crafts, including colorful woven baskets, traditional clothing, and local food products like chocolate, coffee, and mezcal.
Mercado 20 de Noviembre: Famous for its food section, this market is also a great place to purchase local cheeses, spices, and mole pastes, which are a culinary staple in Oaxacan cuisine.
Artesanías Oaxaqueñas: This store offers a wide range of high-quality Oaxacan handicrafts, including alebrijes (brightly colored folk art sculptures), textiles, pottery, and wood carvings.
Casa de las Artesanías de Oaxaca: A government-run shop that offers a variety of traditional Oaxacan handicrafts made by local artisans. Purchases here support the local crafts community.
Calle Alcalá: A pedestrian street in the historic center lined with shops selling handicrafts, art, and local products. It's a great place to browse for souvenirs in a picturesque setting.
Mercado de Artesanías: Located near the south end of Calle Alcalá, this market specializes in handmade crafts, particularly textiles like rugs, shawls, and embroidered blouses.
San Bartolo Coyotepec: A village just outside Oaxaca City, famous for its black pottery (barro negro). Many workshops and galleries here sell this unique type of pottery.
Santo Domingo Area Shops: The streets around Santo Domingo Church are filled with boutiques and galleries offering high-quality crafts, jewelry, and art.
Textile Shops and Workshops: Oaxaca is known for its beautiful textiles. Shops like La Mano Mágica and Silvia Suárez offer exquisite handwoven items.
Organic and Farmers Markets: The Pochote Market and the Organic Market at Xochimilco offer organic products, local crafts, and delicious food, supporting sustainable and local agriculture.
Entertainment & Nightlife
Oaxaca's entertainment and nightlife scene is vibrant and diverse, offering a mix of traditional cultural experiences and modern entertainment options. Here's what you can expect:
Bars and Mezcalerias
Mezcalerias: Oaxaca is the heartland of mezcal, and visiting a mezcalería to sample this traditional spirit is a must-do. Some popular spots include Mezcalerita, In Situ, and Mezcaloteca, where you can learn about and taste different varieties of mezcal.
Bars and Pubs: The city has numerous bars and pubs, ranging from cozy, traditional establishments to trendy, modern venues. Many bars also offer live music, ranging from jazz and blues to contemporary and traditional Mexican music.
For those seeking a lively dance scene, there are several nightclubs in Oaxaca where you can dance to a mix of Latin, electronic, and pop music.
Live Music and Cultural Shows
Cultural Performances: Enjoy traditional Oaxacan music and dance performances, often held in public spaces like the Zócalo (main square) or at cultural centers.
Live Music Venues: Several cafes and bars host live music nights, featuring a variety of genres.
Art Galleries and Exhibits: Oaxaca's thriving arts scene means there are always art exhibits and openings to attend, especially in the city center.
Theaters: Check out local theaters for plays, concerts, and other performances.
Dining Out
Oaxaca's culinary scene doesn't shut down with the sunset. Enjoy late-night dining at local restaurants, many of which offer outdoor seating in pleasant courtyards.
Safety Tips
While Oaxaca is generally safe, it's wise to take standard precautions when out at night, such as staying in well-lit areas and using reputable taxis or transportation services.
Oaxaca's nightlife offers a perfect blend of cultural richness and contemporary entertainment, making it suitable for a variety of tastes and preferences. Whether you're looking to enjoy a quiet evening with mezcal tasting, experience vibrant local music, or dance the night away, Oaxaca provides a memorable experience.
Local Cuisine
Oaxaca is renowned for its rich culinary heritage, often considered the gastronomic heart of Mexico. Here’s an overview of the local cuisine and food scene:
Traditional Dishes
Mole: Oaxaca is famous for its moles, especially the complex and flavorful Mole Negro. Other varieties include Mole Rojo, Mole Coloradito, and Mole Verde.
Tlayudas: Often referred to as 'Mexican pizza', tlayudas are large tortillas topped with beans, cheese (quesillo), lettuce, avocado, meat, and salsa.
Chapulines: Toasted grasshoppers seasoned with lime and chili, a popular snack or taco filling.
Tamales Oaxaqueños: Tamales wrapped in banana leaves with various fillings and mole sauces.
Quesillo: A stringy Oaxacan cheese, often used in local dishes.
Street Food
The street food scene in Oaxaca is vibrant. Look out for street stalls and markets serving fresh and delicious tacos, empanadas, memelas, and more.
Markets and Mercados
Mercado Benito Juárez and Mercado 20 de Noviembre: These are great places to explore Oaxaca's food scene, offering everything from fresh produce to ready-to-eat dishes.
Mercado 20 de Noviembre: Known for its "Pasillo de Humo" or "Hallway of Smoke", where you can choose your meat and have it grilled on the spot.
Beverages
Mezcal: Oaxaca is the birthplace of mezcal, a smoky agave-based spirit. Mezcal tastings are a must-do.
Chocolate: Oaxaca has a long tradition of making chocolate, often enjoyed as a drink, either hot or cold.
Vegetarian and Vegan Options
While traditional cuisine is heavily meat and cheese-based, many restaurants and eateries offer vegetarian and vegan options.
Oaxaca’s food is characterized by its diverse flavors and fresh, locally sourced ingredients. It's not just about eating; it's about experiencing a vital part of Oaxacan culture and history. Whether dining in a high-end restaurant, at a bustling market, or from a street vendor, the food in Oaxaca promises to be a highlight of any visit.
Accommodations
When visiting Oaxaca, choosing the right area to stay can significantly enhance your experience. Each neighborhood offers its unique charm and conveniences. Here are some of the best areas to consider:
Centro Histórico (Historic Center): Ideal for first-time visitors, the Centro Histórico is the heart of Oaxaca. It's within walking distance of many of the city's key attractions, including the Zócalo, Santo Domingo Church, and various museums and markets. The area is vibrant with a plethora of restaurants, cafes, and shops, making it a convenient and culturally rich place to stay.
Jalatlaco: A quaint and colorful neighborhood known for its narrow streets, vibrant murals, and traditional atmosphere. Jalatlaco is a bit quieter than the Centro Histórico but still within walking distance or a short drive from the main attractions. It's an excellent choice for those looking for a more authentic, local experience.
San Felipe del Agua: Located in the northern part of the city, this area is known for its beautiful natural scenery and is a bit more upscale. It's ideal for travelers seeking tranquility and a break from the hustle and bustle of the city center.
Ruta Independencia: This area includes several streets leading off the Zócalo and is lined with hotels, hostels, and guest houses catering to all budgets. It's convenient for those who want to be in the center of the action.
Travel Tips
Stay in the Historic Center: If it's your first time in Oaxaca, staying in the Centro Histórico is advisable for easy access to most attractions, restaurants, and cultural sites.
Plan for Altitude: Oaxaca sits at about 1,555 meters (5,102 feet) above sea level. If you’re sensitive to altitude, take it easy for the first day or two.
Pack for the Weather: Days can be warm and nights cool. Dressing in layers is a good strategy. Don’t forget sunscreen and a hat for sun protection.
Shop Handicrafts Ethically: When buying handicrafts, try to purchase directly from artisans or from shops that fairly compensate the creators.
Explore Beyond the City: Consider day trips to nearby villages, archaeological sites, and natural wonders. Places like Monte Albán, Mitla, and Hierve el Agua are not to be missed.
Use Cash and Small Bills: While credit cards are accepted in many places, smaller shops and markets usually only accept cash. Having small bills is often handy.
Be Mindful of Safety: Oaxaca is generally safe, but as with any travel destination, exercise common sense. Keep your belongings secure and be cautious when out at night.
Enjoy the Art Scene: Oaxaca is known for its vibrant art scene. Visit galleries and workshops, and consider buying local art as a unique souvenir.
