Traveling to Myanmar offers a captivating journey through its rich history, stunning landscapes, and warm hospitality, providing a truly unforgettable experience.
When traveling to Myanmar, it is important to obtain a valid visa, respect local customs and traditions, and be mindful of the current political and social situations to ensure a safe and enjoyable trip.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Myanmar depends on various factors such as weather, festivals, and personal preferences. Myanmar has three main seasons: the cool season (November to February), the hot season (March to May), and the rainy season (June to October). Here's a breakdown of each season to help you decide when to visit:
Cool Season (November to February): This is widely considered the best time to visit Myanmar. The weather is pleasant, with cooler temperatures and minimal rainfall. It's an ideal time for sightseeing, exploring ancient temples in Bagan, and visiting popular destinations like Yangon, Mandalay, and Inle Lake. However, it's also the peak tourist season, so popular sites can get crowded, and prices for accommodations may be higher.
Hot Season (March to May): During this season, temperatures rise significantly, particularly in central and northern parts of Myanmar. It can get uncomfortably hot, with temperatures exceeding 40°C (104°F). However, if you can handle the heat, this period offers fewer crowds and lower prices for accommodations. You can consider visiting cooler regions such as the Shan State or higher elevations like Pyin Oo Lwin.
Rainy Season (June to October): The rainy season brings lush green landscapes and occasional showers throughout the country. While it may not be the most popular time to visit, it has its advantages. The rainfall keeps temperatures cooler, and you'll find fewer tourists, allowing for a more tranquil experience. Be aware that some areas, particularly in rural regions, may have limited accessibility due to heavy rains and potential flooding.
Festivals
Myanmar is known for its vibrant and culturally significant festivals. Here are a few festivals you may want to consider visiting:
Thingyan Water Festival: Held in April, Thingyan marks the Burmese New Year. It is a joyous celebration where people engage in water fights and cleanse away the previous year's sins. Streets are filled with water-spraying and merriment, making it a lively and unforgettable experience.
Tazaungdaing Festival: This festival takes place in November and is also known as the Festival of Lights. It features beautifully illuminated pagodas and temples, hot air balloon competitions, and various cultural performances. The most famous location for experiencing Tazaungdaing is in Taunggyi, where enormous hot air balloons with firework displays are released.
Phaung Daw Oo Pagoda Festival: Taking place on Inle Lake in September or October, this festival is dedicated to the Phaung Daw Oo Pagoda's sacred Buddha images. The images are placed on a grand ceremonial barge and paraded around the lake, accompanied by traditional boat races and vibrant processions.
Kyaiktiyo Pagoda (Golden Rock) Lighting Festival: Located near Yangon, the Kyaiktiyo Pagoda is famous for its balancing golden rock. The annual lighting festival held in November involves the illumination of the pagoda and its surroundings, creating a magical ambiance. Pilgrims come to pay homage, and the site buzzes with religious activities.
Naga New Year Festival: Celebrated in January by the Naga people in the remote Naga Self-Administered Zone, this festival showcases the rich cultural heritage of the Naga ethnic groups. Festivities include traditional music, dance performances, sports competitions, and the gathering of various Naga tribes.
Ananda Pagoda Festival: Held in Bagan in January or February, this festival is celebrated at the iconic Ananda Temple. Pilgrims gather to pay their respects, and the surrounding area becomes a bustling market with food stalls, traditional dances, puppet shows, and spiritual activities.
Climate
Myanmar has a diverse climate due to its geographical features and location in Southeast Asia. Generally, Myanmar experiences three distinct seasons: the cool season, the hot season, and the rainy season. Here's an overview of each season:
Cool Season (November to February): The cool season is considered the best time to visit Myanmar. The weather is generally dry and pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) depending on the region. In highland areas like Shan State, temperatures can drop significantly, especially during the evenings. This season offers clear skies, making it ideal for outdoor activities and exploring popular destinations.
Hot Season (March to May): The hot season in Myanmar can be quite intense, particularly in central and lower parts of the country. Temperatures often soar above 40°C (104°F) in some areas, especially in the dry zone around Bagan and Mandalay. Coastal regions and higher elevations experience milder temperatures. It's advisable to stay hydrated, seek shade, and plan outdoor activities during cooler parts of the day.
Rainy Season (June to October): The rainy season brings monsoon rains to Myanmar. The southwest monsoon affects most parts of the country, resulting in high humidity and frequent showers. Coastal regions and hilly areas receive substantial rainfall, with Yangon and Mandalay experiencing shorter but heavy downpours. The landscapes become lush and green during this time. Some rural areas may have limited accessibility due to potential flooding.
It's important to note that the climate can vary significantly depending on the region. Coastal areas like Yangon and Ngapali experience a tropical climate with high humidity throughout the year. In mountainous regions such as Shan State, temperatures can be cooler, especially at higher elevations.
Packing Tips
Here are some packing tips to consider for your trip to Myanmar:
Light and breathable clothing: Myanmar has a tropical climate, so pack lightweight and breathable clothing made of natural fabrics like cotton or linen. Opt for loose-fitting garments to stay comfortable in the heat and humidity.
Modest attire: Myanmar is a predominantly Buddhist country with conservative cultural norms. When visiting temples and religious sites, it's important to dress modestly. Pack clothes that cover your shoulders and knees to show respect.
Rain gear: If you're visiting during the rainy season, pack a lightweight rain jacket or poncho to stay dry during sudden downpours. A compact travel umbrella can also come in handy.
Sun protection: Myanmar can get hot, so pack essential sun protection items. Bring a wide-brimmed hat or a cap, sunglasses, and a high SPF sunscreen to shield yourself from the strong sun.
Insect repellent: Some regions of Myanmar, especially during the rainy season, may have mosquitoes and other insects. Pack insect repellent to protect yourself from bites.
Comfortable footwear: Myanmar involves a fair amount of walking, especially when exploring temples and archaeological sites. Pack comfortable walking shoes or sandals to keep your feet happy during your adventures.
Travel adapter: Myanmar uses the Type C, D, F, and G electrical outlets. Make sure to pack a suitable travel adapter to charge your electronic devices.
Medications and basic first aid: It's always a good idea to carry a small travel first aid kit with essentials such as pain relievers, band-aids, anti-diarrheal medication, and any prescription medications you require.
Light scarf or shawl: A lightweight scarf or shawl can serve multiple purposes, from covering your shoulders at religious sites to providing an extra layer of warmth during cooler evenings.
Money: Myanmar primarily uses cash for most transactions, so ensure you have enough local currency (Burmese kyat) with you. ATMs are widely available, but it's advisable to carry some cash for smaller establishments or remote areas.
Currency
The currency in Myanmar is the kyat. It is subdivided into 100 pyas, but pyas are rarely used in everyday transactions.
The official currency of Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the Burmese kyat, symbolised as 'K' and with the international currency code 'MMK'.
Kyats are divided into smaller units called pyas, similar to cents in a dollar, but pyas are rarely used due to their extremely low value.
The Central Bank of Myanmar issues the Burmese Kyat. The denominations of the banknotes are: K1, K5, K10, K20, K50, K100, K200, K500, K1000, K5000, and K10,000.
Coins, which were formerly in circulation, came in denominations of: K1, K5, K10, K50, and K100. However, coins are now rarely used.
The kyat was first introduced in 1889, and it has been the official currency of Myanmar ever since. The current kyat was introduced in 1952, and it replaced the rupee at par.
The kyat is not a freely convertible currency, which means that it cannot be freely traded on the foreign exchange market. This is because the Myanmar government controls the exchange rate of the kyat.
The value of the kyat has fluctuated significantly in recent years. In 2011, the kyat was trading at around 6 kyats to the US dollar. However, the value of the kyat has since declined, and it is now trading at around 1,800 kyats to the US dollar.
The kyat is a relatively weak currency, and it is often subject to inflation. This makes it difficult for businesses in Myanmar to import goods and services, and it can also make it difficult for tourists to budget their trips.
Despite its limitations, the kyat is the only legal tender in Myanmar, and it is the currency that you will need to use if you are visiting the country.
US dollars are widely accepted in Myanmar. In fact, the US dollar is often more convenient to use than the kyat, as it is more stable and easier to exchange.
However, it is important to note that the exchange rate for US dollars in Myanmar is not always favorable. You may get a better exchange rate if you exchange your dollars for kyats at a bank or a money exchange bureau.
It is also important to be aware of the counterfeiting problem in Myanmar. There are a lot of fake US dollars in circulation, so it is important to be careful when exchanging your dollars.
Overall, it is a good idea to have some US dollars on hand when you travel to Myanmar. However, you should also exchange some of your dollars for kyats, as this will make it easier to pay for small purchases.
Here are some tips for exchanging your currency in Myanmar:
Exchange your currency at a bank or a money exchange bureau.
Ask for a receipt when you exchange your currency.
Check the currency carefully for counterfeiting.
Only exchange small amounts of currency at a time.
Time Zone
Myanmar operates on Myanmar Standard Time, which is 6 hours and 30 minutes ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+6:30). This puts Myanmar in a relatively unusual time zone, as most countries operate on a whole number of hours difference from UTC.
Bargaining
Bargaining is common and generally expected in many situations in Myanmar, especially in local markets and with street vendors. When purchasing goods or services, it is normal to negotiate the price. It's seen as a part of the buying process and is usually done in a friendly manner.
Here are some general tips on bargaining in Myanmar, but please note these may change and adapt according to the local culture and economy:
Start low: When you're given a price, counteroffer with a price that's lower than what you're willing to pay. This provides a starting point for the negotiation.
Be respectful: Keep the bargaining process friendly and respectful. Avoid showing frustration or disrespect towards the vendor. Remember, the goal is to agree on a fair price, not necessarily the lowest possible one.
Take your time: Don't rush the bargaining process. It can sometimes take a bit of back and forth to reach an agreement.
Walk away: If you can't agree on a price, it's okay to walk away. Sometimes, this can result in the vendor agreeing to your price.
Cash is king: Credit cards are not widely accepted at local markets. It is recommended to carry enough local currency.
Know the value: Before you start bargaining, try to have a general idea of what the item should cost. You can ask locals, your tour guide, or do some research beforehand.
Communication
Language:
The official language of Myanmar is Burmese. It is spoken by the majority of the population. There are also a number of minority languages spoken across the country, reflecting its ethnic diversity. These include Shan, Karen, Rakhine, Mon, Chin, Kachin, Kayah, and more. English is widely taught in schools and is often used in business and government, but fluency can vary significantly, especially outside of major cities or tourist areas. Knowing a few basic phrases in Burmese can be very helpful and is often appreciated by locals.
Internet and Wi-Fi:
The availability of internet in Myanmar has been improving but can still be unreliable or slow, especially outside of urban areas. Many hotels, restaurants, and coffee shops, particularly in cities and tourist destinations, offer free Wi-Fi, although the connection speed and reliability can vary. Internet cafes are also quite common.
There are also several mobile internet providers offering 3G and 4G services. These include MPT, Telenor, Ooredoo, and Mytel. Buying a local SIM card can be a cost-effective way to access the internet, especially if you plan to stay in Myanmar for a longer period.
Phone Services:
Mobile phone usage in Myanmar has surged in the past decade. As mentioned above, several providers offer mobile services, and coverage is relatively good in urban areas and along major transportation routes. However, it may be more limited in rural or remote areas.
International roaming services are available, but it's generally more affordable to purchase a local SIM card. These can usually be bought at the airport, convenience stores, or mobile phone shops. Just make sure your phone is unlocked and compatible with the local networks.
Communication Etiquette:
Burmese people are generally polite and respectful. When communicating, it's important to maintain a calm and polite demeanor. Direct confrontation or display of strong negative emotions is generally avoided. Non-verbal communication is also important. For instance, pointing with your feet is considered impolite, and it's customary to pass things with your right hand.
Tipping Etiquette
Tipping is not traditionally part of Burmese culture and is not a requirement in Myanmar. However, as tourism has grown in the country, the practice of tipping has become more common, especially in areas with more foreign visitors. Still, it's not as widespread or expected as it is in some other countries.
Here are a few things to consider when deciding whether to tip in Myanmar:
Restaurants: Tipping is not usually expected in local restaurants. In higher-end restaurants or those that cater to tourists, a service charge may be added to your bill. If not, and the service was good, you might choose to leave a small tip.
Hotels: It's not necessary to tip hotel staff, but small gratuities are generally appreciated, particularly for bellboys or housekeeping staff.
Taxis: Tipping is not expected when using taxis. You can simply pay the agreed or metered fare.
Tour Guides and Drivers: Tipping tour guides and drivers is becoming more common. If you've received good service, a tip would be appreciated. The amount can depend on the length and complexity of the tour.
Electric Plugs
Myanmar uses Type C, D, and G electrical plugs.
Type C: Also known as the Europlug, it has two round pins and is commonly used in Europe, South America & Asia.
Type D: This plug type has three round pins in a triangular pattern and is used in some countries in Asia and Africa.
Type G: This plug type has three rectangular pins in a triangular pattern and is used in countries such as the United Kingdom, Singapore, and a few others.
The standard voltage in Myanmar is 230 V, and the standard frequency is 50 Hz. However, power outages can be frequent, and voltage can fluctuate, so it's generally a good idea to bring a universal adapter if you're traveling to Myanmar and plan to use your electronic devices. For delicate equipment, consider using a surge protector to guard against unexpected voltage spikes.
Sustainable Travel Tips
Sustainable travel or responsible tourism is about making a positive impact on the environment, society, and economy of the places we visit. Here are some tips for sustainable travel in Myanmar:
Support Local Economy: Buy locally made products instead of imported goods. Try to eat at local restaurants to support small business owners and to truly experience the local cuisine.
Use Reusable Water Bottles: Tap water in Myanmar is generally not safe to drink. Instead of buying bottled water, consider bringing a water bottle with a built-in filter or use water purification tablets. Some hotels provide filtered water that you can use to refill your bottle.
Limit Use of Plastic: Try to minimize your use of single-use plastic items such as bags, straws, and bottles. Carry a reusable shopping bag for your purchases.
Respect Cultural Norms: Learn about and respect the local customs and traditions. Dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites.
Minimize Energy Consumption: Turn off lights, air conditioning, and other electrical appliances in your hotel room when you're not using them.
Use Local Transportation: Where possible, use local public transport instead of private vehicles. This helps reduce your carbon footprint. However, do take into account the safety and reliability of the transport mode.
Eco-Friendly Accommodation: Consider staying at hotels or guesthouses that have responsible environmental policies, such as waste reduction and energy-saving practices.
Ethical Animal Tourism: Be cautious of tourist activities that exploit animals. Elephant riding, for instance, often involves mistreatment of the animals. Opt for ethical alternatives like visiting animal sanctuaries.
Leave No Trace: Don't leave any waste behind, especially when visiting natural sites. Follow the principles of Leave No Trace: take only photos, leave only footprints.
Learn Before You Go: Do some research about Myanmar’s history, culture, and politics before you visit, so you can engage with locals in a more informed and respectful way.
Tips for Families
Traveling with family to Myanmar can be a unique and rewarding experience. Myanmar has a lot to offer for families from fascinating history and culture to friendly locals and delicious cuisine. Here are some tips for families planning to visit Myanmar:
Plan Itinerary Wisely: Choose family-friendly activities and sights. Myanmar has beautiful landscapes, including Inle Lake and Bagan, where families can take boat rides or cycle around ancient temples. The city of Yangon also has parks and the famous Shwedagon Pagoda, which kids might find interesting.
Travel Comfort: Long road journeys can be uncomfortable and tiring, especially for kids. Consider domestic flights for longer distances. The train ride over the Gokteik Viaduct can also be a thrilling experience for kids.
Food and Water: Local Burmese food might be a bit spicy for young palates. Fortunately, you can often find Western-style food in larger cities. Always ensure the food is freshly cooked and served hot, and avoid tap water. Use bottled water, even for brushing teeth.
Health and Safety: Make sure you and your family are up-to-date with vaccinations. Also, bring a well-stocked medical kit with essentials like band-aids, antiseptic creams, and children's pain relief medications. Malaria is a risk in some parts of the country, so consult your doctor about antimalarial medication before you travel.
Dress Appropriately: Myanmar is a conservative country, so ensure your family dresses modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Lightweight, long-sleeved clothing can also help protect against sunburn and mosquitoes.
Accommodation: When booking accommodation, look for family-friendly hotels that offer amenities like multiple bed configurations, babysitting services, or even a pool, which can be a great way for kids to cool down and burn off some energy.
Stay Connected: Consider getting a local SIM card on arrival for easy communication. This can also be helpful for navigation, checking opening times for attractions, and so on.
Respect Local Customs: Teach your kids about local customs and norms. For example, it's respectful to remove shoes and socks before entering temples.
Be Prepared for the Heat: Myanmar can get very hot. Keep your family hydrated and protected from the sun with hats, sunscreen, and plenty of water.
Local Interaction: Burmese people are known to be friendly and many will be delighted to interact with you and your children. It's a good way for kids to learn about new cultures and make new friends.
