Nepal, while famous for the Himalayas, also offers rich cultural diversity with over 120 ethnic groups and languages. Kathmandu is a blend of modernity and ancient traditions, with unique local feasts and festivals. The country's varied terrain, from high mountains to the Terai plains, is mirrored by its cultural spectrum, like the Tharu villages in the south with distinct customs. Beyond its trekking allure, Nepal invites travelers to immerse in its multifaceted cultural tapestry, packed into a small landlocked space.
Here is the Essential Travel Information you will need to make any trip to Nepal a success!
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Nepal largely depends on what activities you're planning and which regions of the country you aim to explore. The nation's climate and suitability for travel can be broken down into distinct seasons:
Autumn (late September to November):
Why it's great: This is widely considered the best time to visit Nepal, especially for trekking. The monsoon rains have cleared the sky of dust, offering striking views of the Himalayan peaks. The weather is cool, dry, and perfect for outdoor activities.
Winter (December to February):
Why it's great: While this season sees colder temperatures, especially in the mountains, it's a viable time for trekking in lower elevations. The weather remains dry, and the skies clear, albeit the chill can be intense as you climb higher.
Note: Trekking to high altitudes may be challenging due to snowfall and colder temperatures. However, the winter season means fewer tourists, so popular trails and destinations can be less crowded.
Spring (March to May):
Why it's great: Spring is the second most popular time for trekking after autumn. The weather warms up, flowers bloom, especially rhododendrons, turning hillsides into colorful spectacles. The skies remain mostly clear, offering good mountain views.
Note: As May progresses, it can get hazier, limiting the crispness of mountain views somewhat.
Summer (June to early September):
Why it might be challenging: The summer in Nepal is monsoon season, bringing heavy rainfalls. This can lead to landslides in hilly and mountainous regions, making some treks inaccessible or risky.
Advantages: The landscape is lush and green, and it's an excellent time for keen botanists as the higher valleys and meadows burst into a riot of flowers. Also, fewer tourists visit during this period, giving you a different, more solitary experience. The rain-shadow areas like Mustang and Dolpo are still suitable for trekking as they receive minimal rainfall.
Festivals
Nepal, with its rich tapestry of cultures and religions, has a calendar bursting with festivals. Here's a selection of some of the most significant and popular ones that visitors might find particularly interesting:
Dashain (usually September-October)
The biggest Hindu festival in Nepal, celebrating the victory of the goddess Durga over the demon Mahishasura. Families reunite, honor their elders, and receive blessings. Colorful kites fly in the sky, and the entire country is in a celebratory mood.
Tihar (usually October-November)
Often likened to Diwali in India, Tihar is the festival of lights where houses are decorated with oil lamps and colorful rangoli. It spans five days, each dedicated to honoring animals like crows, dogs, and cows, and finally the bond between brothers and sisters.
Holi (March)
The festival of colors is a lively and playful occasion where people throw colored powders and water at each other. Celebrated all over Nepal but particularly vibrant in the Terai and hill regions.
Teej (August-September)
A Hindu festival where women fast and pray for the well-being of their husbands. They dress in red and dance, sing, and celebrate together. The Pashupatinath Temple in Kathmandu sees thousands of devotees during this time.
Indra Jatra (September)
Celebrated in Kathmandu's Durbar Square, this festival includes the Kumari (living goddess) being paraded on a chariot, traditional dances, and the raising of the lingo (a giant ceremonial pole).
Maghe Sankranti (January)
Marking the winter solstice and the increase of daylight, it’s a festival where people feast, particularly on sesame seed sweets.
Yomari Punhi (December)
A Newar community festival where "yomari" (steamed dumplings made of rice flour with a sweet filling) are prepared and shared.
Rato Machhendranath Jatra (April-May)
A month-long chariot festival celebrated mainly in Patan to pray for rain. A large wooden chariot carrying the image of the god Rato Machhendranath is pulled through the city streets.
Buddha Jayanti (April-May)
Also known as Buddha Purnima, it marks the birth, enlightenment, and death of Lord Buddha. Celebrated with much fervor in Lumbini, Buddha's birthplace, and other Buddhist regions.
Maha Shivaratri (February-March)
Dedicated to Lord Shiva, thousands of devotees flock to the Pashupatinath Temple in Kathmandu. Sadhus (holy men) from Nepal and India gather, and bonfires are lit.
Climate
Nepal's diverse topography results in an equally varied climate, ranging from tropical to arctic conditions. Its climate is primarily influenced by altitude and the seasonal rhythms of the Indian monsoons. Here's a detailed look at Nepal's climate based on its primary regions:
Terai (Lowland) Region:
Tropical and Subtropical Climate
Summer (March to June): Hot and humid, with temperatures often exceeding 35°C (95°F).
Monsoon (June to September): Very wet, with frequent and heavy rainfall.
Winter (December to February): Mild and dry, with temperatures averaging around 10°C (50°F), though they can drop lower during the night.
Hill Region:
Temperate Climate
Summer (March to June): Warm with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F).
Monsoon (June to September): Regular rainfall, though not as intense as in the Terai region.
Winter (December to February): Cool to cold. Temperatures can hover around 0°C (32°F), especially in higher altitudes.
Mountain Region:
Subarctic to Arctic Climate
Summer (March to June): Cool, with temperatures averaging between 10°C and 20°C (50°F and 68°F). Nights can be quite cold.
Monsoon (June to September): Rainfall is less than in other regions, but the higher you go, the drier it gets. Areas like Mustang lie in the rain shadow and receive very little rainfall.
Winter (December to February): Very cold, with temperatures often dropping below freezing. Higher altitudes experience snowfall.
Rainfall and Monsoon:
The primary source of precipitation in Nepal is the monsoon, which usually starts in June and lasts until September. The eastern part of Nepal tends to receive more rainfall than the western part.
Trans-Himalayan Region (e.g., Mustang):
This area lies in the rain shadow of the Himalayas and, as such, receives little to no monsoon rains. It's arid, much like the Tibetan plateau, with strong winds, especially in the afternoon.
Factors Influencing Climate:
Altitude: The altitude plays a pivotal role in determining the climate of a specific area in Nepal. As you ascend, temperatures drop consistently.
Monsoons: Originating in the Bay of Bengal, the monsoons bring heavy rainfall to most parts of Nepal, except those in the rain shadow like Mustang.
Mountain Barriers: The Himalayas act as a barrier preventing cold winds from Central Asia from entering Nepal, ensuring that winter temperatures are more moderate than expected for such a high-altitude country.
In summary, Nepal's climate is as diverse as its geography. From the tropical jungles of the Terai to the frozen heights of the Himalayas, the country offers an array of climatic experiences within a relatively short distance. When planning a visit, consider the specific climate of the region you intend to explore to ensure you're adequately prepared.
Packing Tips
Packing for a trip to Nepal requires consideration of various factors, including the regions you plan to visit, the time of year, and the activities you'll be undertaking. Here's a comprehensive list of packing suggestions:
Clothing:
Layers: Given the range in altitude and climate, layering is key. Bring lightweight, moisture-wicking base layers, insulating mid-layers (like fleece or down jackets), and a waterproof and windproof outer layer.
Trekking: If trekking, invest in a good-quality pair of trekking boots, broken in before your trip to avoid blisters. Trekking pants, moisture-wicking t-shirts, and a hat or cap are essential.
Cold Weather: If visiting higher altitudes or traveling in the colder months, pack thermal underwear, a heavy jacket, gloves, and a warm hat.
Rain Gear: Waterproof jacket and pants are essential during monsoon season. A poncho and umbrella can also be useful.
Casual Wear: For time in cities like Kathmandu or Pokhara, casual, comfortable clothing is suitable. However, Nepal is relatively conservative, so avoid very short shorts or revealing tops.
Footwear:
Hiking Boots: Essential for trekkers. Ensure they're waterproof and comfortable.
Casual Shoes or Sandals: Useful for walking around towns or resting days.
Gear & Equipment:
Backpack: A good quality backpack (40-70 liters, depending on your trek length) with rain cover.
Daypack: For daily excursions or short trips.
Sleeping Bag: Essential for trekkers, especially if heading to higher altitudes or trekking in the off-season.
Trekking Poles: Helpful for navigating tricky terrain and reducing strain on knees.
Water Bottle or Hydration Bladder: Consider a water purification method like tablets or a SteriPEN.
Headlamp: Useful for treks and power outages.
Personal & Health Items:
Travel Insurance: Ensure it covers high altitude trekking if you're planning to hike.
Medication: Bring any personal medications, as well as a basic first aid kit. Consider altitude sickness pills, water purification tablets, and diarrhea medication.
Toiletries: Including biodegradable soap, toothpaste, personal hygiene items, and wet wipes (great for trekking).
Sun Protection: High SPF sunscreen, lip balm with sunblock, and sunglasses with UV protection.
Insect Repellent: Especially important in the Terai region and during monsoon season.
Snacks: Energy bars or other personal preference snacks for trekking.
Miscellaneous:
Power Adapter: Nepal uses Type C, D, and M plugs with a standard voltage of 230V.
Portable Charger: Power outages are common, so a power bank can be very useful.
Earplugs & Eye Mask: Useful for noisy cities and bright mornings.
Reusable Shopping Bag: Help reduce plastic waste.
Cash: ATMs are common in cities but scarce in remote areas.
Notebooks & Pens: Useful for journaling or as gifts for local children.
Documents:
Passport & Visa: Check visa requirements beforehand. Some nationalities can get a visa on arrival, but it's always good to be prepared.
Travel Insurance Documents
Passport Photos: Useful for trekking permits or SIM card applications.
Printed Itinerary & Important Contacts
Cultural Respect:
Modest Clothing: When visiting temples or religious sites, ensure you're dressed modestly. Women should carry a scarf to cover their shoulders or head if necessary.
Remember, packing efficiently is key. Especially if trekking, every kilogram counts. Before you finalize your packing, check the current weather forecast for the regions you're planning to visit in Nepal and adjust accordingly.
Currency
The official currency of Nepal is the Nepalese Rupee, often denoted as NPR or symbolized as रू.
Here are some details and general information about the currency:
Denominations:
Coins: The smaller denominations are available in coins, typically 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 paisa, and 1, 2, 5, and 10 rupees.
Banknotes: The banknotes come in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 rupees. Over time, the design and features of these notes have changed, with security enhancements and the addition of the portrayal of various significant figures and landmarks.
Exchanging Money:
You can exchange money at the Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu and at many banks and licensed money exchange counters in cities and towns. Be sure to keep the exchange receipts as you may need them if you wish to convert Nepalese Rupees back to your home currency upon departure.
Major hotels also offer currency exchange, but rates might not be as favorable as banks or dedicated exchange counters.
ATMs:
ATMs are widely available in cities like Kathmandu, Pokhara, Chitwan, and other tourist areas. However, in remote regions, access to ATMs can be limited or non-existent.
Most ATMs accept international cards, but it's wise to notify your bank beforehand to ensure smooth transactions abroad.
Credit and Debit Cards:
Credit and debit cards are accepted in major hotels, restaurants, and shops in the cities. However, in smaller towns and when trekking in remote areas, cash is the primary mode of payment.
Indian Rupees:
Indian Rupees (INR) are widely accepted in Nepal, especially the 100 rupee notes. However, higher denomination notes (like 500 or 2000 rupee notes) are not officially accepted due to counterfeiting concerns, though you may find some places that still take them at less favorable rates.
When traveling to Nepal, it's always a good idea to carry a mix of cash and cards. Having US dollars or euros can also be handy, as they are easily exchangeable and sometimes accepted in major tourist areas. Ensure you have enough local currency, especially when heading to remote regions or when trekking.
Time Zone
Nepal is in the Nepal Time Zone, which is abbreviated as NPT (Nepal Time). Interestingly, Nepal's time zone is unique in that it's offset by 5 hours and 45 minutes ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+5:45). This makes Nepal's time zone one of the few in the world that doesn't fall on a full hour offset from UTC. It's set 45 minutes ahead of the neighboring India Standard Time (IST, which is UTC+5:30).
Bargaining
Bargaining is a common and often expected practice in many situations in Nepal, especially in local markets, street stalls, and with street vendors. Here are some things to know about bargaining in Nepal:
Tourist Areas: In popular tourist areas, such as Thamel in Kathmandu or Lakeside in Pokhara, prices are often marked up, especially for tourists. Therefore, some polite bargaining can help you get a fair price.
Start Low: A general rule of thumb is to start by offering about 50% to 60% of the quoted price and then work your way up from there.
Shop Comparison: It's beneficial to compare prices at a few different shops or stalls before making a purchase. This can give you a better sense of the average price and a stronger bargaining position.
Fixed Prices: Some shops, especially established businesses or stores selling high-quality items, may have fixed prices. In such cases, bargaining may not be appropriate.
Small Amounts: Remember, what might seem like a small amount to a tourist can mean a lot more to a local vendor. While it's okay to bargain, consider the value of the item or service and the difference the amount might make to the seller.
Finalizing the Deal: Once you've agreed on a price, it's considered bad etiquette to walk away. Be sure of your intention to purchase before finalizing a negotiated price.
Communication
Here's a comprehensive breakdown of communication in Nepal:
Language
Nepali is the official language of Nepal and is spoken by the majority of the population. It's written in the Devanagari script, which is the same script used for Hindi.
While Nepali is predominant, Nepal is a diverse country with over 120 ethnic groups and languages. In various regions, you might encounter different ethnic languages, particularly in rural areas.
English is widely understood and spoken in major cities, tourist areas, and among educated Nepalese. It's also used in government offices, higher education, and business settings.
Hindi, due to the influence of Bollywood movies and Nepal's proximity to India, is understood by many, especially in urban areas.
WiFi
Hotels and Guesthouses: Most hotels and guesthouses, especially in tourist areas like Kathmandu, Pokhara, and Chitwan, offer free WiFi to their guests. However, the speed and reliability can vary. In more upscale establishments, you'll find faster and more consistent connections.
Restaurants and Cafes: Many restaurants and cafes, particularly in tourist hubs, offer free WiFi to their customers. Always ask for the password.
Remote Areas: If you're trekking in remote areas, some teahouses may offer WiFi for a fee, but it's typically via satellite and can be slow and expensive.
Internet Cafes: Available in cities and larger towns, these are places where you can access the internet, often at reasonable speeds and prices.
Phone
Local SIM Cards: Tourists can easily purchase local SIM cards from providers like Ncell and Nepal Telecom (NTC) at the airport or in cities. They're affordable and come with various data and calling packages. Having a local number can be very useful, especially if you're traveling independently or for extended periods.
Coverage: Mobile phone coverage is good in cities, towns, and many villages. Even some trekking routes have decent mobile coverage. However, in remote mountain areas, connectivity can be patchy or non-existent.
International Calls: International calling cards are available, and they offer reasonable rates. Many local SIM packages also provide international calling options.
Landlines: While their use has decreased due to the proliferation of mobile phones, they're still present in some hotels and businesses.
Tips
Load-shedding: Power outages, known locally as load-shedding, used to be a common issue in Nepal, affecting internet speeds and availability. Although the situation has improved in recent years, it's still a good idea to have backup options, like a portable charger, especially in remote areas.
VPN: If accessing sensitive information or wanting to ensure a secure connection, consider using a VPN service, especially when on public networks.
Language Apps: Consider downloading translation apps or phrasebooks if you're venturing into less touristy areas. A basic grasp of Nepali greetings and courtesies can enrich your travel experience.
Tipping Etiquette
Tipping in Nepal is not as customary as in some Western countries, but it has become more common due to the influence of tourism. However, tipping amounts and situations can vary. Here are some guidelines to consider when tipping in Nepal:
Restaurants and Cafés:
In many local establishments, tipping isn’t expected.
In tourist areas or upscale restaurants, a tip of about 10% of the bill is appreciated if the service charge hasn't been added. If there is already a 10% service charge on your bill, you generally don't need to tip extra unless you found the service exemplary.
Hotels:
For bellboys or porters, a tip of NPR 50 to NPR 100 (or more, depending on the luxury of the hotel) is acceptable.
For housekeeping, leaving NPR 50 to NPR 100 per day is a kind gesture.
Taxis and Rickshaws:
Tipping isn't always expected, but rounding up the fare or giving a small extra amount is a nice gesture, especially if they’ve provided a smooth and safe ride.
Trekking and Tours:
For guides and porters on treks, tipping is customary given the physical demand of their work. The exact amount can vary depending on the length and difficulty of the trek, but a general guideline is:
Guides: USD $10 to $20 per day
Porters: USD $5 to $10 per day
It's best to hand the tip directly to the individual in an envelope or discreetly folded.
Cultural Considerations:
When giving a tip, do so discreetly. Making a show of tipping can be seen as boastful or even disrespectful.
Always try to give tips in Nepali rupees.
If someone refuses your tip, don’t insist. It might be against their personal or institutional policy to accept gratuities.
Electric Plugs
In Nepal, the most commonly used electric plugs are of types C, D, and M.
Type C: This is a two-pin plug that is also common in many parts of Europe. The pins are round and parallel to each other.
Type D: This type is often found in countries like India and Nepal. It has three round pins in a triangular pattern. Some sockets can also accommodate Type C plugs.
Type M: This plug type has three round pins, similar to Type D but larger. It's not as common as Type D in Nepal but can be found in some places.
Voltage and Frequency:
The standard voltage in Nepal is 230V.
The standard frequency is 50Hz.
If you're traveling to Nepal, you might need a plug adapter or voltage converter depending on where you're coming from. Many modern electronics (like smartphones, laptops, and cameras) come with chargers that can handle a range of voltages, but it's always wise to check the voltage information on your device's power adapter to make sure.
Power outages were once a significant concern in Nepal, especially in Kathmandu, with blackouts lasting several hours a day. However, the situation has improved in recent years, though brief power interruptions can still occur. If you're staying in Nepal for an extended period or need constant power for your devices, consider bringing a portable power bank or investing in an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) locally.
Sustainable Travel Tips
Sustainable travel is about making choices that benefit the environment, the local economy, and the cultures of the destinations visited. When traveling to Nepal, a country known for its natural beauty and rich cultural heritage, sustainable travel can help minimize negative impacts and ensure that the country remains beautiful for future generations. Here are some sustainable travel tips for Nepal:
Support Local Businesses:
Choose locally-owned and operated guesthouses, hotels, and eateries. This helps ensure your money stays within the local community.
Buy local products instead of imported goods.
Be Mindful of Resources:
Water scarcity can be an issue in parts of Nepal. Use water sparingly, especially hot water.
Turn off lights, fans, and electrical devices when not in use.
Reduce Plastic Waste:
Carry a reusable water bottle and purify tap water instead of buying bottled water. You can use iodine tablets, portable water filters, or UV purifiers.
Leave No Trace:
When trekking or camping, carry out everything you bring in.
Avoid making open fires as they can deplete limited wood resources and cause deforestation. Use a kerosene or gas stove for cooking.
Respect Local Culture and Traditions:
Dress modestly, especially when visiting temples or religious sites.
Learn and observe local customs. A simple gesture like greeting someone with "Namaste" can make a difference.
Hire Local Guides and Porters:
This provides employment opportunities for locals and ensures you get a genuine experience.
Avoid Animal Exploitation:
Refrain from riding elephants or engaging in activities where animals are used for entertainment. Often, these animals are not treated well.
Protect Flora and Fauna:
Do not pick plants or disturb wildlife.
Stay on designated trails to avoid soil erosion and harm to vegetation.
Be Mindful of Your Carbon Footprint:
Consider traveling overland instead of taking short internal flights.
Support initiatives or businesses that invest in carbon offset programs.
Minimize Waste:
Try to use products with minimal packaging.
Bring a reusable cutlery set and straw to avoid single-use items.
Tips for Families
Nepal is a versatile destination, and while it's known for its challenging treks, there are also numerous family-friendly activities and treks suitable for children and family members of all ages. Here are some general tips followed by family-friendly trek suggestions:
Tips for Families Visiting Nepal:
Prepare for the Climate: Depending on where and when you're visiting, Nepal can have cold mountainous regions and warm lowlands. Pack accordingly and ensure that children have appropriate clothing.
Health Precautions: Consult a doctor before your trip, especially regarding altitude sickness for treks. Ensure you have a basic first-aid kit, and remember that kids can be more susceptible to illness, so monitor their health closely.
Stay Hydrated: Always carry purified water. Dehydration can affect kids faster, and it also helps in altitude adaptation.
Safety First: Especially in crowded areas like Kathmandu, always keep an eye on children. Teach them important contact details or have them wear an ID wristband with your contact info.
Plan Leisure Days: Kids might not have the same stamina for daily sightseeing or trekking. Schedule rest days or leisure activities.
Cultural Respect: Teach your children basic Nepali phrases, and about respecting local customs, especially in religious places.
Choose Kid-friendly Accommodations: Some accommodations offer family-friendly amenities, such as larger rooms, playgrounds, or a pool.
Family-Friendly Treks in Nepal:
Ghorepani Poon Hill Trek: One of the most popular short treks. It offers mesmerizing views of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri mountain ranges. The trek can be completed in 4-6 days, and the paths are well-maintained.
Dhampus Trek: This is a 2-3 day trek that provides wonderful views of the Annapurna range. It's short, allows a cultural experience in Dhampus village, and is perfect for families.
Chisapani Nagarkot Trek: This is an easy 3-day trek around the Kathmandu Valley. The trek offers views of the Himalayas and takes you through traditional villages and lush forests.
Balthali Village Trek: A short 3-day trek near Kathmandu, this takes you through terraced farms, vibrant rice fields, and tranquil villages. It's low altitude and offers a genuine rural Nepal experience.
Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park: Just outside Kathmandu, this is more of a day hike. It's a great way to experience nature without venturing too far from the capital.
Royal Trek: Named after Prince Charles's trek in the 1980s, this 3-4 day trek is in the Annapurna region. It's a low-altitude trek that offers cultural insights and mountain views.
When considering trekking with children, it's crucial to gauge the trek's difficulty against your child's capabilities and interest. Always have a flexible itinerary and be prepared to adjust based on how the family feels. Remember, the idea is to have a fun, bonding experience while enjoying Nepal's natural beauty.
