Immersing yourself in Sri Lanka's stunning landscapes, ancient temples, and vibrant culture is a journey of discovery that illuminates the soul and enriches the spirit.
Here is the Essential Travel Information you will need to make any trip to Sri Lanka a success!
Best Time to Visit
Sri Lanka's weather is tropical and climatically the island is divided into two zones: the dry zone and the wet zone. Because it experiences two monsoons in different parts of the country, the 'best' time to visit can depend on which regions you're planning to explore.
For the West and South Coasts and Hill Country: The best time to visit these regions (including destinations like Colombo, Galle, and the tea country) is during the drier months from December to March. These are also the coolest months in the Hill Country. The monsoon in these regions runs from April/May to September, with heavy rains, but it's not necessarily a bad time to visit since showers can be brief.
For the East Coast: The best time to visit the eastern part of the country (like Trincomalee, Batticaloa, Arugam Bay) is from April/May to September when these areas are dry and the weather is lovely. The monsoon here runs from November until February.
That being said, Sri Lanka's tropical climate makes it a viable travel destination year-round. Even during monsoon seasons, the rain is usually heavy and short-lived, followed by sunshine. During the shoulder seasons between the monsoons, the whole country can be favorable for travel, making it a good time to explore both east and west coasts. Also, off-peak seasons can often mean fewer tourists and lower prices, although the weather might be less predictable.
Ultimately, the best time to visit Sri Lanka will depend on the specific places you want to visit and the activities you wish to engage in. For wildlife enthusiasts, for instance, the season can have a significant impact on animal behavior and sightings – like the best times for viewing elephants, leopards, or for whale watching off the coast.
Festivals
Sri Lanka has a rich cultural heritage and hosts a variety of vibrant festivals throughout the year. Many of these events are based on the Buddhist lunar calendar, making their dates variable from year to year. Here are a few you might consider:
Esala Perahera (Kandy Festival): This is one of the oldest and grandest Buddhist festivals in Sri Lanka, usually taking place in late July or early August in Kandy. The festival is in honor of the Sacred Tooth Relic of the Buddha and features processions of dancers, drummers, and decorated elephants.
Vesak Poya: Celebrated nationwide in May, this important Buddhist festival marks the birth, enlightenment, and passing of Buddha. Houses, streets, and temples are decorated with lanterns, and people engage in religious activities and almsgiving. It's a great time to experience Sri Lanka's Buddhist traditions.
Sinhala and Tamil New Year: Taking place in mid-April, this festival marks the end of the harvest season. It's characterized by traditional games, food, music, and ceremonies that bring families together.
Deepavali (Diwali): Celebrated by the Hindu Tamil community in October or November, this Festival of Lights is marked by illuminations, fireworks, feasting, and the giving of gifts.
Duruthu Poya: Celebrated on the first full moon of the year (January), this festival commemorates Buddha's first visit to Sri Lanka. The highlight is a grand procession at the Kelaniya Temple near Colombo.
Navam Poya: Taking place in February, this festival celebrates the Buddha's appointment of his two chief disciples. The main festivities, including a grand procession, take place at the Gangaramaya Temple in Colombo.
Poya Days: Each full moon day is a Buddhist public holiday in Sri Lanka. While not a festival per se, these days often involve religious activities and ceremonies.
It's important to note that during these festivals, the country can be busier than usual, and accommodation may need to be booked well in advance. However, these events offer a wonderful insight into the culture, religion, and traditions of Sri Lanka.
Climate
Sri Lanka's location near the Equator ensures a tropical climate with warm temperatures year-round, with a significant amount of humidity, particularly in the coastal regions. The climate is characterized by two main monsoon seasons and high year-round rainfall in certain areas.
Temperature:
In the coastal lowlands, average daily temperatures typically range from 26°C to 30°C (78.8°F to 86°F). As you move inland and gain elevation into the hill country, temperatures decrease, averaging between 16°C to 20°C (60.8°F to 68°F). In Nuwara Eliya, in the heart of the tea country, temperatures can even drop to the low teens or occasionally single digits at night. Despite these regional variations, it's generally warm throughout the country for most of the year.
Monsoon Seasons:
Sri Lanka experiences two main monsoon seasons:
Yala Monsoon: This southwest monsoon affects the south and west coasts and the hill country. It usually starts in late April or May and continues until August.
Maha Monsoon: This northeast monsoon impacts the north and east coasts and typically begins in November and ends in February.
The inter-monsoonal periods, which occur between these two monsoons (March-April and September-October), can also bring unpredictable weather, with heavy afternoon showers.
Humidity:
Humidity is typically high in Sri Lanka, especially in the southwest coastal regions where it averages between 70% and 90%. The dry zones in the north and east have lower humidity levels.
While the weather can be a significant factor when planning your trip, it's essential to remember that Sri Lanka's complex climate makes it a year-round destination. Rainfall during the monsoon seasons is often intense but brief, usually followed by clear skies and sunshine.
Packing Tips
What you pack for your trip to Sri Lanka can depend on the time of year and the activities you plan to do. However, here are some general packing tips:
Clothing: Light, breathable clothing is recommended due to the tropical climate. For the hot, humid coastal areas, you'll want to pack shorts, T-shirts, and swimwear. If you're visiting the hill country, it can get cooler, especially at night, so pack a light sweater or jacket. If you plan to hike, bring appropriate clothing and footwear.
Conservative Dress: Sri Lanka is a predominantly Buddhist country, and modest dress is required at religious sites. Pack clothes that cover your shoulders and knees. A scarf or shawl can be useful for covering up when necessary.
Footwear: Comfortable walking shoes are essential. For beach areas, you'll want sandals or flip-flops. If you're planning on trekking, bring appropriate hiking boots.
Sun Protection: The sun can be intense, so pack sunscreen with a high SPF, a good pair of sunglasses, and a hat.
Rain Gear: If you're visiting during the monsoon season, a lightweight, compact umbrella or rain jacket could be handy.
Insect Repellent: To protect against mosquitoes, bring a good insect repellent. If you're planning on visiting rural or jungle areas, consider packing lightweight clothing that covers your arms and legs.
Adapter: Sri Lanka uses type D and G outlets, and the standard voltage is 230 V. So, you might need a universal adapter if your devices use a different type of plug.
Reusable Water Bottle: As tap water isn't generally safe to drink, consider bringing a water bottle with a filter or a reusable bottle to reduce plastic waste, as bottled water is widely available.
Medications and First Aid Kit: Don't forget to pack prescription medications and a basic first aid kit. A kit might include band-aids, antiseptic wipes, and medicine for treating common travel ailments such as motion sickness or traveler's diarrhea.
Snorkel/Scuba Gear: If you're planning on snorkeling or scuba diving and prefer to use your own equipment, consider packing your gear.
Currency
The official currency of Sri Lanka is the Sri Lankan Rupee (LKR).
Notes come in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2000, and 5000 rupees. Coins, although less frequently used, come in denominations of 1, 2, 5, and 10 rupees.
When it comes to handling money in Sri Lanka, here are some things you should know:
ATMs and Credit Cards: ATMs are widely available in cities and larger towns throughout Sri Lanka, and they usually offer a good rate of exchange. Many accept international cards on the Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, and Cirrus networks. Credit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and larger shops, but smaller vendors and stores in remote areas may only accept cash.
Currency Exchange: Currency can be exchanged at banks, hotels, and authorized exchange offices. It's advisable to keep your exchange receipts, as you will need them if you want to convert Sri Lankan Rupees back into your home currency before leaving the country. The exchange rate can fluctuate, so it's a good idea to check the current rate before your transaction.
Traveler's Checks: These are generally a less convenient option and might be difficult to cash outside of major cities.
Cash: It's a good idea to carry some cash, especially in smaller denominations, for small purchases, local restaurants, markets, and tipping.
Time Zone
Sri Lanka operates on Sri Lanka Standard Time, which is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+5:30). Sri Lanka does not observe daylight saving time, so this remains consistent throughout the year.
Bargaining
Bargaining is quite common and generally accepted in many shopping situations in Sri Lanka, especially in markets, street stalls, and some smaller shops. It's considered a part of the buying process for certain goods. In high-end shops, supermarkets, or places with marked prices, bargaining isn't typically done. Try to gauge whether bargaining is appropriate based on context.
Communication
Language:
The official languages of Sri Lanka are Sinhala and Tamil, with Sinhala being the most widely spoken. English is also quite prevalent and is spoken by about 10% of the population. It's commonly used in governmental and business contexts, and is often the medium of instruction in schools. English is also widely understood in tourist areas, hotels, and major cities, making it generally easy for English-speaking tourists to communicate.
Wi-Fi and Internet Access:
Internet access is fairly widespread in Sri Lanka. Most hotels, guesthouses, cafes, and restaurants in urban areas offer free Wi-Fi, although the speed and reliability can vary. Internet cafes are also available in cities and larger towns.
If you require more reliable internet, or if you're planning on visiting more rural areas, you may consider purchasing a local SIM card with a data package. Major telecommunication providers include Dialog, Mobitel, and Airtel. They have booths at the airport where you can buy a SIM card upon arrival, or you can visit one of their stores in towns and cities across the country.
Phone:
Sri Lanka's country code is +94. As mentioned above, getting a local SIM card can be a cost-effective way of making local calls or using data during your stay. However, ensure your phone is unlocked to accept a foreign SIM before your trip.
International roaming is another option, although it can be expensive. It's best to check with your home service provider about the costs.
Public telephones aren't as common in Sri Lanka as they are in some other countries, and their usage has declined due to the widespread adoption of mobile phones.
Remember, whether you're using Wi-Fi or data, be cautious when using public internet connections, especially when accessing sensitive information or conducting transactions. Using a VPN can provide an extra layer of security.
Tipping Etiquette
Tipping is a customary practice in Sri Lanka, and it's generally expected for good service in hotels, restaurants, and various other service situations. However, the amount you choose to give can vary greatly depending on the situation and level of service. Here are some general guidelines for tipping etiquette in Sri Lanka:
Restaurants: Many restaurants add a 10% service charge to the bill. If this charge is included, you don't necessarily need to tip extra, although leaving a small additional amount for excellent service is appreciated. If no service charge is included, a tip of 10% to 15% of the bill would be considered generous.
Hotels: For hotel staff such as bellmen or porters, a tip of 100 to 200 LKR per bag is standard. Housekeeping staff would appreciate a similar amount per day of your stay.
Tour Guides/Drivers: For private tour guides or drivers, a tip of around 500-1,000 LKR per day is appreciated depending on the quality of service.
Taxis and Tuk-Tuks: Tipping isn't generally expected for short rides, although for longer journeys or if the driver has provided exceptional service (such as helping with heavy bags), rounding up the fare or adding a small extra amount can be a nice gesture.
Electric Plugs
In Sri Lanka, the power plugs and sockets are of type D and G. Here's what that means:
Type D: This plug type has three round pins in a triangular pattern and is commonly used in India, Nepal, and some African countries.
Type G: This plug type has three rectangular blades in a triangular pattern and is the plug type used in the United Kingdom.
The standard voltage is 230 V and the standard frequency is 50 Hz.
Sustainable Travel Tips
Here are some tips for sustainable travel in Sri Lanka that will help ensure you respect the local environment and culture:
Support Local Economy: Opt to stay in locally owned accommodations, eat in local restaurants, and buy from local shops. This will help support local businesses and ensure that your money stays within the community.
Respect Local Traditions: Always dress modestly and respect local customs, particularly when visiting religious sites. Sri Lanka is a predominantly Buddhist country, so it's important to behave respectfully at temples and other sacred sites.
Conserve Resources: Be mindful of your resource usage, especially water and electricity, which can be scarce in certain parts of the country. Turn off lights and air conditioning when you leave your hotel room, and try to take shorter showers.
Responsible Wildlife Tourism: Avoid any tourist activities that exploit animals or disturb local wildlife. This includes not riding elephants, not visiting poorly managed animal sanctuaries, and keeping a respectful distance when viewing animals in the wild.
Minimize Carbon Footprint: Consider using public transportation or hiring a bike for short journeys instead of taking a taxi or tuk-tuk.
Leave No Trace: Always take your rubbish with you and dispose of it properly. If you're hiking or exploring natural sites, stick to the trails to avoid disturbing the local flora and fauna.
Understand Before Giving: While it might be tempting to give money or gifts to children begging on the street, this can often perpetuate a cycle of dependency and poverty. Consider supporting local charities or social enterprises instead.
Remember, sustainable travel is all about leaving a positive impact on the environment, society, and economy of the places you visit. With these tips in mind, you can help ensure that Sri Lanka remains a beautiful and vibrant destination for future generations to enjoy.
Tips for Families
Sri Lanka is a fantastic destination for families, with a lot to offer both children and adults. Here are some tips for families traveling in Sri Lanka:
Choose Family-friendly Accommodation: Many hotels in Sri Lanka are family-friendly and offer amenities such as swimming pools, spacious rooms, and children's activities. Some even provide family rooms. Do your research before booking to ensure that the accommodation is suitable for your family.
Plan for Travel Times: While Sri Lanka is a relatively small country, travel between destinations can take longer than expected due to traffic and road conditions. Try to keep travel days short to prevent your children from becoming restless.
Food: Sri Lankan cuisine can be spicy, which might not suit all children. However, most places offer a range of milder options and familiar dishes, so finding something to suit everyone's palate shouldn't be a problem.
Safety: Always keep an eye on your children, particularly around wildlife and water. Most beaches in Sri Lanka have strong currents, so always check local conditions before allowing your children to swim.
Pack Essentials: Remember to pack essentials such as sunscreen, insect repellent, hats, and comfortable shoes for exploring. It might also be a good idea to bring any necessary children's medicine with you, as specific brands might not be available in Sri Lanka.
Activities: Sri Lanka is full of family-friendly activities. Consider visiting an elephant sanctuary, taking a safari in one of Sri Lanka's national parks, exploring the Cultural Triangle's historical sites, or spending a few days on one of the country's beautiful beaches.
Schedule Downtime: Traveling can be exhausting for children, so try to schedule some downtime each day where they can relax and play.
Respect Local Culture: Use the trip as an opportunity to educate your children about a new culture. Teach them about the local customs and traditions and how to respect them.
Useful Local Apps
There are several local apps that can enhance your travel experience in Sri Lanka:
PickMe: This is Sri Lanka's leading taxi-hailing app. It operates much like Uber and can be a convenient and cost-effective way to get around, particularly in Colombo and other major cities.
Dialog Self Care: If you're using a Dialog SIM card during your stay in Sri Lanka, this app can help you manage your account, top up your data, and more.
YAMU: This app provides comprehensive guides to dining, shopping, and entertainment options in Colombo. It includes user reviews and can help you discover the best local spots.
Eat.lk: Similar to YAMU, this app focuses on food and dining options in Colombo. It includes menus, ratings, and delivery options.
SL Rail Map: If you're planning to take the train, this app can be useful. It provides detailed information on train schedules, ticket prices, and routes.
